Finland2021 Economic Complexity Trade : 1.42, Rank 13 of 131
2021 Economic Complexity Technology : 1.38, Rank 4 of 96
2021 Economic Complexity Research : 1.56, Rank 17 of 140
2021 Product Exports | Imports: $83.1B | $82.3B, 43 of 226 | 46 of 226
2021 Per Capita Product Exports | Imports: $15k | $14.8k, 26 of 219 | 33 of 219
Overview In 2021, Finland was the number 43 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 43 in total exports, the number 46 in total imports, the number 14 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 13 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .
Exports The top exports of Finland are Refined Petroleum ($4.48B), Kaolin Coated Paper ($4.25B), Cars ($3.46B), Sawn Wood ($3.16B), and Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($3.14B), exporting mostly to Germany ($10.4B), Sweden ($7.85B), United States ($6.27B), Netherlands ($5.21B), and China ($4.84B).
In 2021, Finland was the world's biggest exporter of Kaolin Coated Paper ($4.25B), Papermaking Machines ($1.08B), Precipitated Copper ($563M), and Vegetable Parchment ($403M)
Imports The top imports of Finland are Crude Petroleum ($3.84B), Cars ($3.53B), Refined Petroleum ($2.96B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($1.87B), and Broadcasting Equipment ($1.79B), importing mostly from Germany ($13.4B), Sweden ($11.9B), Russia ($8.93B), China ($5.79B), and Netherlands ($5.53B).
In 2021, Finland was the world's biggest importer of Tall Oil ($78.7M)
Location Finland borders Norway, Russia, and Sweden by land and Estonia by sea.
The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Finland.
Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.
*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.
The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.
*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.
Top Export (2021): Refined Petroleum, $4.48B
Top Destination (2021): Germany, $10.4B
In 2021, Finland exported a total of $83.1B, making it the number 43 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Finland have changed by $23.5B from $59.6B in 2016 to $83.1B in 2021.
The most recent exports are led by Refined Petroleum ($4.48B), Kaolin Coated Paper ($4.25B), Cars ($3.46B), Sawn Wood ($3.16B), and Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($3.14B). The most common destination for the exports of Finland are Germany ($10.4B), Sweden ($7.85B), United States ($6.27B), Netherlands ($5.21B), and China ($4.84B).
Finland Exports Services (2020): $14.5B
Finland Imports Services (2020): $23.2B
In 2020, Finland exported $14.5B worth of services. The top services exported by Finland in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($5.23B), Other royalties and license fees ($2.81B), Sea transport ($1.13B), Other transport ($977M), and Personal travel ($763M).
The top services imported by Finland in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($9.55B), Sea transport ($3.04B), Other transport ($1.77B), Merchanting and other trade-related services ($1.52B), and Personal travel ($1.36B).
Finland has a high level of specialization in Precipitated Copper (88.3), Raw Furskins (70.9), Cobalt Oxides and Hydroxides (64.2), Papermaking Machines (48.1), and Vegetable Parchment (43.1). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Finland observed and expected exports in each product.
The highest complexity exports of Finland according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Chemical elements doped for use in electronics, in the form of discs,... (1.94), Electric (electrically heated gas) soldering, brazing, welding machines and apparatus, capable or... (1.94), Machinery and mechanical appliances; having individual functions, n.e.c. in this chapter (1.87), X-ray, alpha, beta, gamma radiation apparatus; x-ray tubes, x-ray generators, high tension... (1.68), and Instruments and apparatus; for physical or chemical analysis (e.g. polarimeters, spectrometers), for... (1.65). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.
The top export opportunities for Finland according to the relatedness index, were Zirconium (0.27), Cobalt Ore (0.26), Rye (0.26), Rock Wool (0.25), and Aircraft Launch Gear (0.25). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Finland is not specialized in.
The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.
The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.
During the last 20 years Finland's economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the 7th to the 13th position in the ECI rank.
These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.
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